HCH improved lung function and hypoxia-induced hematocrit elevation; attenuates emphysema, collagendeposition in the small airway and goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway epithelium; attenuated the high level of total leukocyte number, IL-6, TNF-α, KC, Muc5ac and Muc5b; reduced the levels of ERK1/2 and NF-κB in lung tissue. Here, NFKB1 is linked to pulmonary emphysema.