APC and neoplasm: As genomic markers, mutations of tumor suppressors such as Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Tumor protein P53 (TP53), Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2/4), Netrin receptor DCC besides the mutations of proto-oncogenes such as Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), Catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) along with the dysregulation of Wnt, TGFβ/BMP, RTK/Ras, PI3K/Akt pathways are widely regarded as markers for CRC onset [40, 41].