IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: Notably, type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β), a subgroup of cytokines, induce the expression of multiple ISGs, thereby creating an antiviral state in infected and surrounding cells, which blocks viral infection and limits its transmission, leading to an antiviral response by guiding IFN-responsive genes on adjacent cells to bind to the IFNα/β receptor and activate the JAK-STAT pathway to inhibit viral replication [101, 147, 148].