While there is evidence for the role of androgens in prostate cancer pathogenesis and TRT has been shown to increase PSA levels in some men, clinical studies have not demonstrated a significant increase in prostate cancer incidence or mortality in TRT-treated hypogonadal patients (Fernández-Balsells et al. 2010; Grech et al. 2014). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.