Pioneering works have revealed that circulating LIF levels are positively associated with tumor burden and therapeutic outcomes in several cancer contexts.[25, 27] Given aberrant LIF overexpression in HNSCC, we hypothesized that LIF might be detected in circulating plasma and serve as a novel noninvasive diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for HNSCC. This evidence concerns the gene LIF and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.