Several lines of evidence have indicated that LIF is secreted either by cancer cells and/or CAFs across diverse cancers.[30, 45, 51, 52] Indeed, a previous study from Yae Ohata's group has suggested that LIF protein is mainly produced by CAFs in oral SCC,[30] while Jean Albrengues reported that LIF protein was abundantly secreted by multiple carcinoma cells including oral SCC.[45] Our results reconciled with this discrepancy and revealed that both HNSCC cancer cells (especially those CSCs) and CAFs were able to produce and secrete LIF. Here, LIF is linked to cancer.