TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Data from the treatment groups reveal that GRP II effectively reduces immune cell infiltration into subcutaneous tissues, suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokines (eosinophil chemotactic factor, fractalkine), and increases levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12p70) in Wistar rats with N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced HCC, highlighting its potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (67).