XCL1 and brain disorder: CXCL13 is a potential inducer of CNS autoimmunity, expressed mainly in activated cerebral vasculature, which can inject IL-21-producing T follicular helper cells into the reperfusion phase of brain disease and exacerbate ischemic brain injury.Both XCL-1 and MCP-1 promote apoptosis and exert a tremendous chemotactic effect on THP-1 cells (Yan et al., 2021).XCL-1 exacerbates ischemic brain injury by producing specific chemotactic activity of intellectin protein, which recruits monocytes to sites of inflammation and regulates progenitor cell proliferation.