THRA and thyroid cancer: This investigation was based on twelve extensive GWAS summary statistics, predominantly focusing on the European population’s data pertaining to AA and TD, including GD, HT, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer (TC), TSH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRα), thyroid peroxidase (TP) and thyroglobulin (TG).