Second, research reports have indicated that the expression patterns of some cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, etc.)are significantly different between the MRL/lpr mouse model and clinical patients with LN (69, 70), suggesting that the MRL/lpr mouse model, as one of the models of spontaneous lupus, may not fully simulate the whole pathophysiological process of human LN disease. This evidence concerns the gene IL5 and systemic lupus erythematosus.