CTLA4 and cholestasis: Evidence has shown that Lactobacillus may be used in therapy of various diseases.23 For example, Lactobacillus significantly enhanced the efficacy of tumor resistance against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)33 and prevented idiopathic eczema in infancy.34 In another study, administration of L. acidophilus provided pain relief35 and prevented antibiotic-associated diarrhea.36 Mice with cholestasis have shown obvious intestinal permeability and severity liver injury, while restored by L. acidophilus treatment.