Here, we compare the pathological characteristics of tuberculous granulomas in biopsy specimens from patients with TB only and HIV-MTB co-infected patients, as well as the immunohistochemical distribution of three types of T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), to explore the relationship and influencing factors between HIV infection and the formation of tuberculous granulomas. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.