Additionally, a recent study showed that co-infection with HIV can lead to changes in the immune cell composition of pulmonary tuberculosis granulomas, with an increase in CD68+ macrophages and a decrease in CD20+ B cells [43], while the results of this study showed that other immune cells in the peripheral blood were not statistically related to the integrity of the granuloma, which may be caused by the small sample size and the lack of research on other immune cells in the affected tissues. Here, CD68 is linked to pulmonary tuberculosis.