Along with evidencing PCNA’s involvement in glycolysis, the authors found PCNA interacted with several cytoplasmic oncoproteins which were upregulated in the cancerous cells including malate dehydrogenase (which helps generate cytosolic NAD in cancer cells and activated primary T cells), eEF2K (which helps prime the TME and recruits TAMs), and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PIN1 which is involved in the expansion of cancer stem cells). This evidence concerns the gene PCNA and cancer.