TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Commonly altered pathways in HCC include telomere maintenance (~60%), Wnt/β-catenin (~54%), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (~51%), TP53 cell cycle (~49%), Ras/MAPK (~43%), epigenetic regulation (~32%), chromatin remodeling (~28%), and oxidative stress (~12%) [28].