Vitamin B12 supplementation (500 mcg/day), in a randomized, multi-arm, open-label clinical trial of patients with T2DM, resulted in a significant decrease in HbA1c, whilst co-supplementation with folic acid gave significant improvement of insulin levels in plasma and of insulin resistance, with a parallel increase in adiponectin levels, which may further indicate the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing potential of the treatment [147]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.