MAPT and Alzheimer disease: AD is marked mainly by accumulations of extracellular amyloid plaques, composed of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) responsible for directly inducing tau hyperphosphorylation and neurite degeneration and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, composed by hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein (MAPT) tau protein, which disrupts microtubules and impairs axonal transport in the brain [161,162,163]