A range of other biochemical parameters, including ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and testosterone have also been studied as potential biomarkers of nutritional status in HF patients [8,17]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and hydrops fetalis.