NOS2 and inflammatory bowel disease: Plenty of in vivo and animal studies have demonstrated that walnuts and their derived bioactive compounds improve inflammation in intestinal chronic conditions such as IBD by modulating inflammatory pathways such as the NF-κB, COX/COX-2, MAPCK/MAPK, and iNOS/NOS pathways while also alleviating oxidative stress and regulating the gut microbiome and gut metabolism.