Phytosterols have been reported to exhibit a variety of physiologically active effects, for example, stigmasterol restores Treg/Th17 cell homeostasis through butyrate-mediated PPARγ activation, thereby attenuating IBD [82], while β-sitosterol may ameliorate colitis by regulating the NF-κB pathway [83,84]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.