Moreover, a six-week magnesium supplementation regimen of 250 mg/day magnesium oxide in women with GDM has been demonstrated to impact gene expression and inflammatory markers associated with energy metabolism affected by GDM, specifically downregulating tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 8 (IL-8) while upregulating growth factor beta (TGF-β) [47]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to gestational diabetes.