Remarkably, treatment with BHB alone, even in the context of a normal high-carbohydrate rodent diet, proved to be highly effective, suggesting that BHB itself is a major factor in suppressing PKD progression [41], probably because it is involved in improving the mitochondrial efficiency [134,135] notably altered in ADPKD and influences the mTOR and AMPK pathways [37,38,46]. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.