If modulating cholesterol efflux does alter both pro-inflammatory immune response and parasite load, then possible treatments for African trypanosomiasis may include therapies that can alter apoAI/HDL plasma levels and/or change cellular ABC-transporter expression [44,53,55,123,124,125,126,127], as efficacy for these types of proposed treatments can easily be analyzed within a pre-clinical setting. This evidence concerns the gene ABCG2 and human African trypanosomiasis.