TNF and pulmonary tuberculosis: According to the WHO, the systematic testing and treatment of LTBI should be carried out in people living with HIV, adults and children who are contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients starting treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF), patients on dialysis, patients preparing for organ or hematological transplants, patients with silicosis, prisoners, healthcare professionals, immigrants from countries with a high TB burden, homeless people, and illicit drug users.