TLR9 and neoplasm: (Figure 2C) Chemotherapy is also part of innovative therapies, which include targeted therapy using BRAF and MEK inhibitors to induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation, TLR-9 agonists to activate TCD8+ cells, adoptive cellular therapy involving the reinfusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), gene therapy using suicide genes to induce apoptosis, protease inhibitors, and immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and cytokines to enhance T-cell activation against cancer cells.