Results: The case–control study’s findings revealed that the majority of the biochemical and endocrine serum biomarkers examined in the investigation—including lipids (LDL, HDL, and cholesterol), T2DM markers (fasting glucose, free insulin, and HOMA-IR), and hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone, and progesterone)—exhibited statistically significant changes in PCOS patients. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.