PIN1 regulates HER2, NOTCH1, NOTCH3, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα), which are cancer-driving receptors Furthermore, PIN1 regulates AMPK, AKT93, MYC, PKM2, RAF1, SMAD2, SMAD3, STAT3, the RAS family member RAB2A28, FAK, protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-PEST, S6K, and SGK1, which act as intracellular signaling modulators. Here, SMAD2 is linked to cancer.