Aβ accumulation is also accompanied by the presence of tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and this is important because both hallmarks are also prominent in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and, according to the amyloid cascade hypothesis of neurodegeneration, AD pathogenesis is driven by Aβ accumulation, which, in turn, leads to tau NFT formation and, ultimately, cell death [9,10]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.