SERPINA1 and hemochromatosis type 1: Furthermore, some metabolic pathologies that could explain the symptoms and biological abnormalities were ruled out: serum ceruloplasmin, copper levels, urinary copper excretion, serum iron and ferritin, alpha-1 antitrypsin—all within normal limits—excluding hemochromatosis, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Wilson’s disease.