The protein levels and catalytic activity of the DNA base excision repair enzyme apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APE1) appeared to increase in human ALS-vulnerable CNS regions, such as the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) and ventral horn of the spinal cord [39], but, in the frontal cortex, APE1 appeared decreased [40]. The gene discussed is APEX1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.