NFKB1 and cancer: Probiotic microbial genera include first-generation probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus as well as Next-Generation Probiotics (NGPs) like Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Blautia producta, and Clostridium butyricum. First-generation probiotics are well described to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects related to CRC, partly by regulating oxidative status through oxidative and inflammatory pathways, such as Nrf2-keap1 and NF-κB signaling, respectively [246,247,248].