TNF and cancer: Interactions between TAMs and cancer cells present in the tumor mass are mostly mediated by cytokines and growth factors secreted by the former, including potent EMT contributors or inducers such as TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, inducing multiple signaling pathways promoting mesenchymal markers expression: TGF-β/SMAD, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor κ-B (NFκB) [43].