HCP5 and neoplasm: These findings show that TGR5 exerts an anti-tumor effect by regulating the HCP5/miR-139-5p/DDIT4 signaling axis, which is a novel anti-tumor mechanism of TGR5, suggesting that the TGR5/HCP5/miR-139-5p/DDIT4 axis may be a promising target for CC treatment.