GPX1 and infectious otitis media: In the C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) obese mice model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic premalignant lesions, 8 weeks of 200 ppm astaxanthin administration in diet significantly decreased the levels of OS indicators, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) in the urine and serum, while raising the expression of mRNA for the antioxidant enzymes GPx1, SOD1, and CAT in the colonic mucosa of AOM-treated db/db mice.