AMPK is also reported to phosphorylate several core components of mitochondrial autophagy/mitophagy, including PAQR3 on T32 [190], ATG9 on S761 [191], Beclin1 on S91 and S94 [192], VPS34-associated protein RACK1 on T50, and VPS34 on T133 and S135 [193], under nutritional deficiency. Here, BECN1 is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.