To examine the similarity of AR signaling in dogs compared to humans, we transfected three AR-null canine PCa cell lines (1508, Leo and 1258) with a pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid containing wild-type canine AR (pcDNA3.1-ARcan) synthesized as described in Materials and Methods or with pcDNA3.1(+). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.