Bartosova et al. showed that C1q, C3d, terminal complement complex, and phosphorylated SMAD2/3, a downstream effector of TGF-β in arterioles of the omentum and parietal peritoneum, as well as deposition of C1q and C5b-9, correlated with the level of exposure to dialytic glucose, the abundance of phosphorylated SMAD2/3, and degree of vasculopathy. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is vascular disorder.