Compared with non-AKI, both transient stage 1 AKI (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.06, 3.51) and persistent stage 1 AKI (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 4.34, 6.08) had significantly increased in-hospital mortality; this association was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, eGFR, comorbidities, and preoperative Hb. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is acute kidney injury.