While there were no significant effects of sex, hypertension, and obesity on these inflammatory cytokines, other independent factors exhibited significant effects: age on IL-8, IL-9, IL-13, G-CSF, and CCL4/MIP-1β concentrations; hypercholesterolemia on CCL3/MIP-1α concentrations; and smoking habit on IFN-γ concentrations. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.