The average PTH level was 41.67 pg/mL in PC patients, compared to only 27.06 pg/mL in the matched benign hyperplasia (BPH) group, p < 0.001, irrespective of PSA levels (≤20 or >20 ng/mL), Gleason score (≤7 or ≥8) or stage (≤T3 or ≥T4). Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.