Obesity is known to contribute to chronic inflammation involving the activation of M1 macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which have been shown to be capable of producing a cascade of non-type 2 inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [11]. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.