Alternative biomarkers, such as cystatin C (CysC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase (NAG), ceramides, apoB, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, have been evaluated for the diagnosis of DKD, and many studies have shown encouraging results [58]. Here, CST3 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.