In addition to reducing endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress in pancreatic β cells in diabetes, GLP-1 RAs can also alleviate the lipotoxic stress that the atherosclerotic milieu chronically places on the ER in macrophages and endothelial cells, thereby helping to mitigate the formation of necrotic cores that are characteristic of unstable plaques [141]. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and diabetes mellitus.