Next, an RCT, where 4277 patients with NDD-CKD and 3890 patients with DD-CKD were evaluated, showed that roxadustat effectively increased serum iron and TIBC and decreased hepcidin levels in comparison with the ESA group, with patients in the roxadustat group achieving target Hb levels with less intravenous iron supplementation in comparison with the ESA group [70]. Here, HAMP is linked to Neurodevelopmental delay.