Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: patients with uncontrolled T1D or T2D, age ≥ 18 years, insulin Icodec vs. active comparators (Degludec U100, Glargine U100, Glargine U300, and Detemir) alone or in combination with prandial analogs, phase 3, multicenter, double-blind or open-label RCTs, and a study duration of 24 weeks or more. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.