TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Additionally, in an in vitro model of liver fibrosis based on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-activated HSCs cultured in a monolayer, we demonstrated that EVs derived from HLSCs and BM-MSCs can effectively downregulate the expression of αSMA and COL1A1 in activated HSCs [21].