ACE and hydrops fetalis: All the individuals received optimal therapy depending on their clinical state, phenotype of HF, fasting glucose, lipid profile and comorbidities, which included antihypertensive agents (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEi], angiotensin-II receptor blockers [ARBs], calcium channel blockers, and thiazide-like diuretics), beta-blocker and ivabradine when needed, antiplatelet agents, and statins.