To elucidate the relationship between HDL-C and 1-year TF mortality across patient subgroups, we conducted a comprehensive multivariate stratified analysis, accounting for a wide range of factors, including demographic factors (age and sex), complications (ascites), liver function parameters (AST and ALB), inflammatory markers (NLR), lipid indicators (TC), renal function (Cr), and the MELD score. Here, ALB is linked to Ascites.