In other cancer cells, namely, chronic myeloid leukemia cells, NaB was found to induce apoptosis via the activation of caspase 8 and caspase 9, which are key mediators of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, respectively [39]. The gene discussed is CASP9; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.