VEGFA and digestive system cancer: Mabeta and Steenkamp [65] presented a recent review of VEGF variants; VEGF165 is the prototypical cytokine and is upregulated in approximately 70% of tumors including breast cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer, melanoma, esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal tract cancers, lung cancer, renal carcinomas, and others.