Contrastingly, in this cohort, expression of proteins associated with AMPK-encoding genes (PRKAA1, PRKAG1, PRKAA2, PRKAB1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG2) are significantly higher in oHCM patients, compared with other heart failure aetiologies, and expression of ALDOA is significantly down-regulated. Here, ALDOA is linked to heart failure.