INS and Insulin resistance: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IR and HOMA2-S), and Matsuda index showed no statistical difference between the three groups of PDAC patients (all p > 0.05, Figure 2D–F), whereas the Matsuda index of T2DM patients was lower than that of NOD secondary to PDAC patients (p < 0.05).