To figure out the mechanism underlying NOD secondary to PDAC, in comparison to CP, whose deficient insulin production is caused by beta-cell destruction [26], the overall trend in the change of the OGTT-based curves and beta-cell function indexes (HOMA2-%beta, IGI, ISSI-2) was consistent between these two most commonly identified causes of type 3c DM. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.