The protective role of genistein against PCa development is also supported by the reduction in IGF-1 [474,476], a player that has been associated with the increased risk of an advanced stage of PCa [486], and the inhibition of osteopontin [480], an extracellular matrix protein secreted by infiltrating macrophages and prostate tumors cells themselves [487,488,489], which is related to increased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability [490]. Here, SPP1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.